A Remarkable Archaeological Find Beneath Mount Vernon’s Foundation
Deep within the cellar of America’s most iconic presidential home, archaeologists have uncovered an extraordinary collection of 18th-century glass bottles containing perfectly preserved fruits that have remained sealed for over two centuries. This incredible discovery at George Washington’s Mount Vernon estate provides an unprecedented window into colonial American food preservation practices and daily life.
The Excavation That Revealed History
From Standard Work to Extraordinary Discovery
During routine restoration activities as part of the Mansion Revitalization Project in May 2024, excavation teams working beneath Mount Vernon’s historic structure encountered something completely unexpected. What started as typical archaeological surveying quickly evolved into one of the most significant historical finds at the estate.
The initial discovery of two intact glass bottles containing liquid, whole cherries, and pits marked just the beginning of this remarkable archaeological journey. The excavation team’s meticulous work eventually revealed a total of 37 glass bottles concealed within the cellar’s storage areas, with 29 remaining completely intact and still containing their original contents.
Careful Extraction and Documentation
Given the fragile nature of these centuries-old artifacts, the archaeological team employed extraordinary precision during the extraction process. Each bottle represented a delicate time capsule that required careful handling to preserve both the containers and their organic contents. The methodical approach ensured that every artifact was properly documented and safely transported for comprehensive analysis.
Scientific Analysis Unveils Colonial Secrets
Collaborative Research Efforts
Working alongside specialists from the United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service, Mount Vernon’s research team has begun conducting detailed scientific examinations of these preserved specimens. Their initial investigations have already provided fascinating insights into 18th-century food preservation techniques.
The comprehensive analysis has identified 54 cherry pits, 23 stems, and cherry pulp from what appears to be a more acidic fruit variety—characteristics that likely played a crucial role in the remarkable preservation of these specimens. Researchers have also identified berries that are believed to be gooseberries or currants, revealing the diverse range of foods preserved at the historic estate.
Potential for Genetic Revival
One of the most exciting prospects involves DNA testing to determine the exact species of cherries contained within these bottles. Scientists remain optimistic that despite the challenging waterlogged conditions, some of the preserved pits might eventually be cultivated, potentially allowing these historic fruit varieties to flourish once again after more than 250 years.
Insights into 18th-Century Life and Culture
Advanced Harvesting Methods
Microscopic examination of the preserved cherries has revealed remarkable details about colonial harvesting techniques. The fruits display evidence of being carefully cut from trees using specialized shears, with stems intentionally left intact—demonstrating the sophisticated and deliberate approach to food preparation during this historical period.
Jason Boroughs, Principal Archaeologist at Mount Vernon, describes these findings as “an extraordinarily rare chance to gain deeper insights into 18th-century environments, plantation food systems, and the foundations of American culinary traditions.”
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Recognizing Skilled Craftsmanship
This discovery serves as an important acknowledgment of the expertise possessed by enslaved individuals who managed food preparation at Mount Vernon. These bottles represent their knowledge and craftsmanship, including the contributions of Doll, the accomplished cook who arrived at Mount Vernon with Martha Washington in 1759 and oversaw the estate’s kitchen operations.
Doug Bradburn, President and CEO of Mount Vernon, highlights the historical importance: “These artifacts have likely remained hidden from daylight since before the American Revolution, possibly overlooked when George Washington left Mount Vernon to lead the Continental Army.”
The Enduring Impact of This Discovery
Connecting Historical Eras
This extraordinary find accomplishes far more than simply preserving fruit—it preserves narratives, techniques, and the skilled craftsmanship that made such preservation achievements possible. While these preserved delicacies were likely intended for the estate’s owners, the bottles themselves tell a comprehensive story of innovation, expertise, and the everyday experiences of colonial American society.
Ongoing Investigation
As research continues, these remarkable artifacts promise to deepen our understanding of early American history and the development of American culinary heritage. Each bottle represents more than just preserved fruit—it embodies preserved knowledge, offering contemporary researchers invaluable perspectives into a world that existed over two and a half centuries ago.
The Mount Vernon discovery stands as powerful evidence of both the archaeological potential that remains at America’s historic locations and the lasting impact of those whose skilled contributions shaped the daily experiences of our nation’s founding period.
